Great Hammerhead Shark

The great hammerhead shark (Sphyrna mokarran) is the largest of the 9 species of hammerhead sharks. These sharks are easily recognized by their unique hammer or shovel-shaped heads. Description The great hammerhead can reach a maximum length of about 20 feet, but their average length is about 12 feet. Their maximum length is about 990 pounds. They have a grayish-brown to light gray back and white underside. Great hammerhead sharks have a notch in the center of their head, which is known as a cephalofoil. The cephalofoil has a gentle curve in juvenile sharks but becomes straight as the shark ages. Great hammerhead sharks have a very tall, curved first dorsal fin and a smaller second dorsal fin. They have 5-gill slits. Classification Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataSubphylum: GnathostomataSuperclass: PiscesClass: ElasmobranchiiSubclass: NeoselachiiInfraclass: SelachiiSuperorder: GaleomorphiOrder: CarcharhiniformesFamily: SphyrnidaeGenus: SphyrnaSpecies: mokarran Habitat and Distribution Great hammerhead sharks live in warm temperate and tropical waters in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. They are also found in the Mediterranean and Black Seas and Arabian Gulf. They undertake seasonal migrations to cooler waters in the summer. Great hammerheads may be found in both nearshore and offshore waters, over continental shelves, near islands, and near coral reefs. Feeding Hammerheads use their cephalofoils for detection of prey using their electro-reception system. This system allows them to detect their prey by electrical fields. Great hammerhead sharks primarily feed at dusk and eat stingrays, invertebrates, and fish, including even other great hammerheads. Their favorite prey is rays, which they pin down using their heads. They then bite at the rays wings to immobilize them and eat the entire ray, including the tail spine. Reproduction Great hammerhead sharks may mate at the surface, which is unusual behavior for a shark. During mating, the male transfers sperm to the female via his claspers. Great hammerhead sharks are viviparous (give birth to live young). The gestation period for a female shark is about 11 months, and 6-42 pups are born live. The pups are about 2 feet long at birth. Shark Attacks Hammerhead sharks are generally not dangerous to humans, but great hammerheads should be avoided due to their size. Hammerhead sharks, in general, are listed by the International Shark Attack File #8 on its list of species responsible for shark attacks from the years 1580 to 2011. During this time, hammerheads were responsible for 17 non-fatal, unprovoked attacks and 20 fatal, provoked attacks. Conservation Great hammerheads are listed as endangered by the IUCN Red List due to their slow reproduction rate, high bycatch mortality and harvest in shark finning operations. The IUCN encourages implementation of shark finning bans to protect this species. References and Further Information ARKive. Great Hammerhead. Accessed June 30, 2012.Bester, Cathleen.Great Hammerhead Shark. Florida Museum of Natural History. Accessed June 30, 2012.Carpenter, K.E. Great Hammerhead: Sphyrna mokarran. Accessed June 30, 2012.Compagno, L., Dando, M. and S. Fowler. 2005. Sharks of the World. Princeton University Press.Denham, J., Stevens, J., Simpfendorfer, C.A., Heupel, M.R., Cliff, G., Morgan, A., Graham, R., Ducrocq, M., Dulvy, N.D, Seisay, M., Asber, M., Valenti, S.V., Litvinov, F., Martins, P., Lemine Ould Sidi, M. Tous, P. and Bucal, D. 2007. Sphyrna mokarran. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1... Accessed June 30, 2012.Florida Museum of Natural History. 2012. ISAF Statistics on Attacking Species of Shark. Accessed June 30, 2012.Krupa, D. 2002. Why the Hammerhead Sharks Head is In the Shape Its In. American Physiological Society. Accessed June 30, 2012.ScienceDaily. 2010. Hammerhead Shark Study Shows Cascade of Evolution Affected Size, Head Shape. A ccessed June 30, 2012.

Case Study The Best Company, Inc. - 1213 Words

Kathleen Ng ACCT 4501W Case Analysis 1 ZZZZ Best Company, Inc. ZZZZ Best Company, Inc. was founded by Barry Minkow in the fall of 1982, located in San Fernando Valley of Southern California. At this time, he was 16 years old and started a small carpet cleaning operation out of his parent’s garage. Due to client complaints and competition, he was short of capital and needed money but was unable to get help from banks due to low profitability. This led him to think of other ways to finance his business, such as check kiting and credit card forgeries. With help of his friend, Tom Padgett, an insurance claims adjuster, he was able to devise more schemes to make money. Minkow created fake insurance restoration contracts, which allowed him to convince bankers for loans with fake financial statements. With the money he got from the banks, he was able to expand his carpet cleaning outlets. The ease of faking insurance restorations made him realize that he can just dictate how much profit he wants and soon, his main revenue came from restorations and not carpet cleaning. Soon, Minkow became famous for being a young entrepreneur which him decide to take ZZZZ Best public. He saw the opportunity of going public to bring in more money and more people to scam. Going public required Minkow to come up with ways to prevent his fraudulent activities from becoming evident. In order to register with the Securities and Exchange Commission, he is required to hire auditors, investment banks, andShow MoreRelatedEssay on ZZZZ Best Company, Inc.: Case Study1340 Words   |  6 Pages------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ZZZ Best Company, Inc. ------------------------------------------------- Case Study 2 ------------------------------------------------- Due Date: March 30,2010 ZZZ Best, Case 1. 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National Bureau of Economic Research Management

Question: Discuss about the National Bureau of Economic Research Management. Answer: Introduction: As per the concept of economics, the model can be described as the hypothetical structure and also in terms of variables as well as the logical connectivity between themselves. As opined by Coglianese et al. (2016), the concept of modern economics can be described as the concept of intricate machine. The major role is dealing with the inadequate resources and the distribution of the output within the different agents such as governments, the individuals and the other organizations. The measurable signals would reflect that there are the regulations, which can drive the difficulty while allocating the products. In addition, the trend of the annual productivity of the developed nations would be predicted that it would be upward. The economic models have a direct explanation of reality and it would be intended to identify the economic hypothesis for the performance. However, all of the economic models are predicted to be subjective and it would estimate the reality. It can highlight the predicted occurrence. The government of a country needs to avoid the predictions and it seeks to describe the validity of the economic theories. In this connection, Koh, Lee and Choi (2013) opined that no economic models would highlight the explanation of the reality. The major reason is the inadequate attention to develop a linkage among the entire demand, wealth and the higher risks. As per the theoritical reports, it can be observed that there are some definite considerable research within the exposure. This research would highlight the behavioral equations to represent the economic models. The economic models are necessary to implement the existing equations in order to develop an association with the new equations as well as with the financial sector. Economists would make the necessity of the factors, which can examine the models with the help of statistics and the predicted hypothesis. According to Lao, Ellis and Christofides (2014), the market actors would not treat rationally, but also they used to treat based on the identical mental models and the economists would develop it. Therefore, the economist Keynes described the concept and mentioned that economics is a section of moral science. As per the concept of Levin, Lewis and Wolak (2016), it can be stated that the price elasticity of demand is an estimation, which can reflect the association among the quantity demand of the products with the change of the cost of the products. Therefore, price elasticity of demand can be represented as (percentage change in demand / percentage change in the price level). Rabin (2013) cited that in case of normal goods, the demand for the goods will be raised if the level of income rises. Nonetheless, if the price level of the product would raise, then the demand for those products would be declined. The above figure would explain that the demand for the foods would rise if the level of income of the consumers would increase. On the other hand, the demand for the products would decrease if the income level would decline. Price elasticity of the luxury goods As per the concept of economics, luxury products are the products for which the requirement for the products would rise more than the increment of the level of income of the consumers. In addition, Thimmapuram and Kim (2013) cited that if the price of the goods would raise then the quantity demand of the luxury goods for the products would be declined. However, if the level of income of the consumers would increase, the requirements for the luxury products would increase with the rise in the level of the price of the goods. It is noted that the price elasticity of the luxury goods would be highly elastic. The examples of luxury goods are cars, jewellery, air conditions etc. From the above figure, it can be observed that if the level of price of the luxury goods would augment from P1 to P2, then the change in the percentage of quantity demand would increase from D1 to D2 with the augmented in the price level. Hence, it can be inferred that the change of the price level is less than the change of the demand for the luxury products. As a result, it can be described that due to the price level change, the transformation of the quantity demand would be increased more as the income level would increase. In this connection, Varian (2016) opined that the price elasticity of demand for the luxury goods would be inelastic only for the higher income group of people and it would be elastic for the poor income group of people. Price elasticity of the giffen goods It is known that giffen goods are those goods, which would be consumed more if the price of the products would rise and the income level of the customers would be decreased. Some of the examples of giffen goods are salt and sugar. The demand for the products is perfectly inelastic. Therefore, it can be mentioned that if the price of the products would fluctuate, then the percentage change for the quantity demand would remain same. The above diagram depicted that the demand curve for the giffen goods is completely inelastic. If the income level would decline and if the price level would be augmented, then it can be inferred that the percentage of quantity demand would decline. Moreover, it can be observed that if the level of price would rise from P1 to P2, then the demand for the products would not change. Therefore, the price elasticity would rise. Furthermore, Rabin (2013) cited that the income effect would control the substitution effect of the goods. References Coglianese, J., Davis, L. W., Kilian, L., Stock, J. H. (2016). Anticipation, tax avoidance, and the price elasticity of gasoline demand.Journal of Applied Econometrics. Koh, Y., Lee, S., Choi, C. (2013). The income elasticity of demand and firm performance of US restaurant companies by restaurant type during recessions.Tourism Economics,19(4), 855-881. Lao, L., Ellis, M., Christofides, P. D. (2014). Smart manufacturing: Handling preventive actuator maintenance and economics using model predictive control.AIChE Journal,60(6), 2179-2196. Levin, L., Lewis, M. S., Wolak, F. A. (2016).High frequency evidence on the demand for gasoline(No. w22345). National Bureau of Economic Research. Rabin, M. (2013). An approach to incorporating psychology into economics.The American Economic Review,103(3), 617-622. Thimmapuram, P. R., Kim, J. (2013). Consumers' price elasticity of demand modeling with economic effects on electricity markets using an agent-based model.IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid,4(1), 390-397. Varian, H. R. (2016). How to build an economic model in your spare time.The American Economist,61(1), 81-90.

Through A Narrow Chink An Ethical Dilemma Essay Example For Students

Through A Narrow Chink: An Ethical Dilemma Essay Through A Narrow Chink: An Ethical Dilemma Essay by Pablo Baez Chemistry 104 Prof. Holme In 1951 Carl Djerassi, with the Mexican pharmaceutical company Syntex, developed the first oral contraceptive by synthesizing and altering the natural hormone Progesterone into a superpotent, highly effective oral progestational hormone called norethindrone. Admittedly, the dynamics and importance of this find were astounding, since before this the only means of contraception was abortion, and even that was not legalized at the time. The race to produce this synthetic agent was highly competitive, being sought after by many pharmaceuticals throughout the world, and for a small fledgling company in Mexico of all places to find it first only added to the excitement of the achievement. Yet aside from all this excitement and competitive fervor something great and disturbing was being bypassed. We will write a custom essay on Through A Narrow Chink: An Ethical Dilemma specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Science, in my view had done something great without looking into the possibilities of where this would lead. I believe Djerassi, similar to most scientists of his day, was so entranced by the excitement of synthesizing his product and achieving his goal that he did not stop to think of the ramifications of his accomplishment. The ethical dilemma was not explored before hand, and this to me is the great tragedy of most scientific discovery, since I firmly believe each scientist is responsible for that which he creates. Djerassi does confront a few questions of ethics and morality after the fact. On page 61, in chapter 6, he reflects on the argument of the use of poor Mexican and Puertorrican women for preliminary experiments. Is this just another manifestation of exploitation of the poor? Djerassi says absolutely not. Yes, the poor our the initial guinea pigs for research but this is no different from what dentists, barbers, and young surgeons do. All of these groups use the poor to hone their skills, not because of the poor womens ignorance but because middle class, suburbanite, white women are unlikely to volunteer their services for the sake of science. My main problem with this is that he claims they will not volunteer their services. Of course not, they are aware of the possible detrimental effects of such experimentation. This is obviously because they are probably more highly educated the poor Hispanic women. Poverty often precludes a lack of good schooling and education. Thus the awareness of such a group to scientific studies will most likely be much lower. They probably knew nothing of scientific research at all, let alone how to read a consent form that leaves them without legal recourse. Djerassi mentions this as well, the idea that he can not offer them consent forms because they cant read. That seems preposterous to me! If he can not inform his patients of the possible side effects then what chance do they have at justice if some carelessly administered drug causes them harm? Coming back to his original argument, he claimed suburbanites were not likely to volunteer their services for the sake of scientific study, but I dare argue the poor women most likely did not volunteer but were asked. Did he ask the suburbanites? I highly doubt it was even proposed. In chapter 9 Djerassi addresses another question he was often confronted with. How do you feel about the social outcome of the work?. He answered this with a shrug of his shoulders and a simple, I couldnt have changed things. Again, I am disturbed by the flippant manner of his response. Yes, he acknowledged the impact the Pill had on the sexual revolution, but fails to see beyond what has already occurred, claiming powerlessness against the pace of science. Let me say that he is most likely partially correct. There is very little to be done when science determines to do something and the race begins toward that goal. .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342 , .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342 .postImageUrl , .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342 , .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342:hover , .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342:visited , .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342:active { border:0!important; } .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342:active , .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342 .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7574d1de20490b0b10b42aaa9b631342:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Prostitution Essay But to claim oneself unable to have made a difference, especially someone of his intelligence and influence, is remarkably sad. I firmly believe that the direction of science, though difficult to stop or turn entirely, can be manipulated by those forefront scientists enough to at least seek discovery with a certain social awareness. This claim of powerlessness is a cop out, clear and simple, and no euphemistic jargon or claim of ignorance will give the victims their normal lives back. This has been the case in nuclear, medical, and chemical research. Invariably someone suffers due to the insincerity of others. Maybe I am being a bit harsh. Djerassis Pill did give women a great power, the power to control childbirth, as well as a greater freedom toward sexuality that before this was monopolized by . Through A Narrow Chink An Ethical Dilemma Essay Example For Students Through A Narrow Chink: An Ethical Dilemma Essay by Pablo Baez Chemistry 104 Prof. Holme In 1951 Carl Djerassi, with the Mexican pharmaceutical company Syntex, developed the first oral contraceptive by synthesizing and altering the natural hormone Progesterone into a superpotent, highly effective oral progestational hormone called norethindrone. Admittedly, the dynamics and importance of this find were astounding, since before this the only means of contraception was abortion, and even that was not legalized at the time. The race to produce this synthetic agent was highly competitive, being sought after by many pharmaceuticals throughout the world, and for a small fledgling company in Mexico of all places to find it first only added to the excitement of the achievement. Yet aside from all this excitement and competitive fervor something great and disturbing was being bypassed. We will write a custom essay on Through A Narrow Chink: An Ethical Dilemma specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Science, in my view had done something great without looking into the possibilities of where this would lead. I believe Djerassi, similar to most scientists of his day, was so entranced by the excitement of synthesizing his product and achieving his goal that he did not stop to think of the ramifications of his accomplishment. The ethical dilemma was not explored before hand, and this to me is the great tragedy of most scientific discovery, since I firmly believe each scientist is responsible for that which he creates. Djerassi does confront a few questions of ethics and morality after the fact. On page 61, in chapter 6, he reflects on the argument of the use of poor Mexican and Puertorrican women for preliminary experiments. Is this just another manifestation of exploitation of the poor? Djerassi says absolutely not. Yes, the poor our the initial guinea pigs for research but this is no different from what dentists, barbers, and young surgeons do. All of these groups use the poor to hone their skills, not because of the poor womens ignorance but because middle class, suburbanite, white women are unlikely to volunteer their services for the sake of science. My main problem with this is that he claims they will not volunteer their services. Of course not, they are aware of the possible detrimental effects of such experimentation. This is obviously because they are probably more highly educated the poor Hispanic women. Poverty often precludes a lack of good schooling and education. Thus the awareness of such a group to scientific studies will most likely be much lower. They probably knew nothing of scientific research at all, let alone how to read a consent form that leaves them without legal recourse. Djerassi mentions this as well, the idea that he can not offer them consent forms because they cant read. That seems preposterous to me! If he can not inform his patients of the possible side effects then what chance do they have at justice if some carelessly administered drug causes them harm? Coming back to his original argument, he claimed suburbanites were not likely to volunteer their services for the sake of scientific study, but I dare argue the poor women most likely did not volunteer but were asked. Did he ask the suburbanites? I highly doubt it was even proposed. In chapter 9 Djerassi addresses another question he was often confronted with. How do you feel about the social outcome of the work?. He answered this with a shrug of his shoulders and a simple, I couldnt have changed things. Again, I am disturbed by the flippant manner of his response. Yes, he acknowledged the impact the Pill had on the sexual revolution, but fails to see beyond what has already occurred, claiming powerlessness against the pace of science. Let me say that he is most likely partially correct. There is very little to be done when science determines to do something and the race begins toward that goal. .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96 , .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96 .postImageUrl , .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96 , .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96:hover , .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96:visited , .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96:active { border:0!important; } .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96:active , .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96 .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf652586538e87cc3ac3130c686e30c96:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Basic discription of microbiology Essay But to claim oneself unable to have made a difference, especially someone of his intelligence and influence, is remarkably sad. I firmly believe that the direction of science, though difficult to stop or turn entirely, can be manipulated by those forefront scientists enough to at least seek discovery with a certain social awareness. This claim of powerlessness is a cop out, clear and simple, and no euphemistic jargon or claim of ignorance will give the victims their normal lives back. This has been the case in nuclear, medical, and chemical research. Invariably someone suffers due to the insincerity of others. Maybe I am being a bit harsh. Djerassis Pill did give women a great power, the power to control childbirth, as well as a greater freedom toward sexuality that before this was monopolized by men. But medical ethics and moral responsibility . Through A Narrow Chink An Ethical Dilemma Essay Example For Students Through A Narrow Chink: An Ethical Dilemma Essay Through A Narrow Chink: An Ethical Dilemma Essay by Pablo Baez Chemistry 104 Prof. Holme In 1951 Carl Djerassi, with the Mexican pharmaceutical company Syntex, developed the first oral contraceptive by synthesizing and altering the natural hormone Progesterone into a superpotent, highly effective oral progestational hormone called norethindrone. Admittedly, the dynamics and importance of this find were astounding, since before this the only means of contraception was abortion, and even that was not legalized at the time. The race to produce this synthetic agent was highly competitive, being sought after by many pharmaceuticals throughout the world, and for a small fledgling company in Mexico of all places to find it first only added to the excitement of the achievement. Yet aside from all this excitement and competitive fervor something great and disturbing was being bypassed. We will write a custom essay on Through A Narrow Chink: An Ethical Dilemma specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Science, in my view had done something great without looking into the possibilities of where this would lead. I believe Djerassi, similar to most scientists of his day, was so entranced by the excitement of synthesizing his product and achieving his goal that he did not stop to think of the ramifications of his accomplishment. The ethical dilemma was not explored before hand, and this to me is the great tragedy of most scientific discovery, since I firmly believe each scientist is responsible for that which he creates. Djerassi does confront a few questions of ethics and morality after the fact. On page 61, in chapter 6, he reflects on the argument of the use of poor Mexican and Puertorrican women for preliminary experiments. Is this just another manifestation of exploitation of the poor? Djerassi says absolutely not. Yes, the poor our the initial guinea pigs for research but this is no different from what dentists, barbers, and young surgeons do. All of these groups use the poor to hone their skills, not because of the poor womens ignorance but because middle class, suburbanite, white women are unlikely to volunteer their services for the sake of science. My main problem with this is that he claims they will not ;volunteer; their services. Of course not, they are aware of the possible detrimental effects of such experimentation. This is obviously because they are probably more highly educated the poor Hispanic women. Poverty often precludes a lack of good schooling and education. Thus the awareness of such a group to scientific studies will most likely be much lower. They probably knew nothing of scientific research at all, let alone how to read a consent form that leaves them without legal recourse. Djerassi mentions this as well, the idea that he can not offer them consent forms because they cant read. That seems preposterous to me! If he can not inform his patients of the possible side effects then what chance do they have at justice if some carelessly administered drug causes them harm? Coming back to his original argument, he claimed suburbanites were not likely to volunteer their services for the sake of scientific study, but I dare argue the poor women most likely did not volunteer but were asked. Did he ask the suburbanites? I highly doubt it was even proposed. In chapter 9 Djerassi addresses another question he was often confronted with. How do you feel about the social outcome of the work?. He answered this with a shrug of his shoulders and a simple, I couldnt have changed things;. Again, I am disturbed by the flippant manner of his response. Yes, he acknowledged the impact the Pill had on the sexual revolution, but fails to see beyond what has already occurred, claiming powerlessness against the pace of science. Let me say that he is most likely partially correct. There is very little to be done when science determines to do something and the race begins toward that goal. .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a , .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a .postImageUrl , .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a , .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a:hover , .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a:visited , .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a:active { border:0!important; } .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a:active , .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6565d28ba6a1e64e9048de808d00dd6a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Conveyer belt project Essay But to claim oneself unable to have made a difference, especially someone of his intelligence and influence, is remarkably sad. I firmly believe that the direction of science, though difficult to stop or turn entirely, can be manipulated by those forefront scientists enough to at least seek discovery with a certain social awareness. This claim of powerlessness is a cop out, clear and simple, and no euphemistic jargon or claim of ignorance will give the victims their normal lives back. This has been the case in nuclear, medical, and chemical research. Invariably someone suffers due to the insincerity of others. Maybe I am being a bit harsh. Djerassis Pill did give women a great power, the power to control childbirth, as well as a greater freedom toward sexuality that before this was monopolized by men. But . Through A Narrow Chink An Ethical Dilemma Essay Example For Students Through A Narrow Chink: An Ethical Dilemma Essay Through A Narrow Chink: An Ethical Dilemma Through A Narrow Chink: An Ethical Dilemma by Pablo Baez Chemistry 104 Prof. Holme We will write a custom essay on Through A Narrow Chink: An Ethical Dilemma specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In 1951 Carl Djerassi, with the Mexican pharmaceutical company Syntex, developed the first oral contraceptive by synthesizing and altering the natural hormone Progesterone into a superpotent, highly effective oral progestational hormone called norethindrone. Admittedly, the dynamics and importance of this find were astounding, since before this the only means of contraception was abortion, and even that was not legalized at the time. The race to produce this synthetic agent was highly competitive, being sought after by many pharmaceuticals throughout the world, and for a small fledgling company in Mexico of all places to find it first only added to the excitement of the achievement. Yet aside from all this excitement and competitive fervor something great and disturbing was being bypassed. Science, in my view had done something great without looking into the possibilities of where this would lead. I believe Djerassi, similar to most scientists of his day, was so entranced by the excitement of synthesizing his product and achieving his goal that he did not stop to think of the ramifications of his accomplishment. The ethical dilemma was not explored before hand, and this to me is the great tragedy of most scientific discovery, since I firmly believe each scientist is responsible for that which he creates. Djerassi does confront a few questions of ethics and morality after the fact. On page 61, in chapter 6, he reflects on the argument of the use of poor Mexican and Puertorrican women for preliminary experiments. Is this just another manifestation of exploitation of the poor? Djerassi says absolutely not. Yes, the poor our the initial guinea pigs for research but this is no different from what dentists, barbers, and young surgeons do. All of these groups use the poor to hone their skills, not because of the poor womens ignorance but because middle class, suburbanite, white women are unlikely to volunteer their services for the sake of science. My main problem with this is that he claims they will not volunteer their services. Of course not, they are aware of the possible detrimental effects of such experimentation. This is obviously because they are probably more highly educated the poor Hispanic women. Poverty often precludes a lack of good schooling and education. Thus the awareness of such a group to scientific studies will most likely be much lower. They probably knew nothing of scientific research at all, let alone how to read a consent form that leaves them without legal recourse. Djerassi mentions this as well, the idea that he can not offer them consent forms because they cant read. That seems preposterous to me! If he can not inform his patients of the possible side effects then what chance do they have at justice if some carelessly administered drug causes them harm? Coming back to his original argument, he claimed suburbanites were not likely to volunteer their services for the sake of scientific study, but I dare argue the poor women most likely did not volunteer but were asked. Did he ask the suburbanites? I highly doubt it was even proposed. In chapter 9 Djerassi addresses another question he was often confronted with. How do you feel about the social outcome of the work?. He answered this with a shrug of his shoulders and a simple, I couldnt have changed things. Again, I am disturbed by the flippant manner of his response. Yes, he acknowledged the impact the Pill had on the sexual revolution, but fails to see beyond what has already occurred, claiming powerlessness against the pace of science. Let me say that he is most likely partially correct. There is very little to be done when science determines to do something and the race begins toward that goal. .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e , .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e .postImageUrl , .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e , .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e:hover , .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e:visited , .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e:active { border:0!important; } .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e:active , .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u227277fa00df9bb558429f4ced216d9e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tom ?lancy Essay But to claim oneself unable to have made a difference, especially someone of his intelligence and influence, is remarkably sad. I firmly believe that the direction of science, though difficult to stop or turn entirely, can be manipulated by those forefront scientists enough to at least seek discovery with a certain social awareness. This claim of powerlessness is a cop out, clear and simple, and no euphemistic jargon or claim of ignorance will give the victims their normal lives back. This has been the case in nuclear, medical, and chemical research. Invariably someone suffers due to the insincerity of others. Maybe I am being a bit harsh. Djerassis Pill did give women a great power, the power to control childbirth, as well as a greater freedom toward sexuality that before this was monopolized by .